Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their Term Paper - 1

Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their innovation activity - Term Paper Example Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their innovation activity It applies quality techniques that transform an institution to a source of income position as stated in the porters five forces model. Innovation improves a brand through the development of quality products that serve consumer needs effectively. It is achievable through research activities, hiring qualified and creative staff with excellent intellectual capacity and heavy investment. Managers in Samsung and Apple corporations recognize that innovation and creativity are crucial in the current competitive world. It is necessary to use innovation to enhance administration, product development and formulation of credible solutions that address consumer needs (Fernando, Rene & Ileana 27). Innovation also sets the stage for effective administration and formulation of communication systems. It is necessary to explore innovation as a performance measure while focusing on Samsung and Apple because they are big electronic producing corporations. Comparative Study of Companies based on the Inn ovative Background and Product Overview Apple and Samsung are high-ranking organizations with a global network. The corporations produce quality electronic products that match consumer desires and specifications. This is achievable through the innovative processes within their production systems. This has enabled them to produce quality and efficient electronic products, for example, TVs, phones, computers and operating soft wares that match consumer expectations (Horibe 20). The corporations also produce innovative items with modern features, for example, smart phones, IPods, LCD screens and flat screen TVs. Following their inception, Apple and Samsung have refocused their synergies into improving their innovative potentials (Gaynor 2). They conduct research studies on consumer needs and respond to existing items. The organizations are strengthening their production chain through adoption of lean concepts. Additionally, the organization is adopting measures that streamline the valu e chain within the production sequence. This is with the intention of achieving quality at every level of operation. This enables them maximize their potentials and bridge the performance gap that may compromise their ability to realize of objectives (Gaynor 5). Apple Company became operational in 1976. It manufactures and supplies consumer electronic designs that include computer software’s and personal PCs. Subsequently, the company has revolutionized its product portfolio and quality through creative processes that have enhanced performance. It has new products in the market that explains the effectiveness of its innovative practices (Cobbenhagen 49). It has developed viable distribution techniques and improved its quality standards and product specification designs. This has made the company produce new products, for example, Macintosh PCs, computer software’s and iPod phones. These items are portable and efficient enabling users to use them appropriately. Samsung Corporation is a big institution that produces quality electronic. It has strong operating units that distribute items to consumers in real time. The products contribute immensely to the growth of individuals socially and economically (Cardoso, Rene, & Ileana 26). This has seen the corporation record excellent performance over the years Innovation has enabled the companies to meet the operating threshold as

Proposal - Emirates Academy Scholarship Research

- Emirates Academy Scholarship - Research Proposal Example The increase in the number of tourism has increased business for hotels and other sectors such as airlines and retail. As the tourism industry has registered increased growth, the number of hotels has also received an upward growth to the growth in the demand and number of guests in the country (Desai 28). Not only has the growth in tourism led to the growth in the number of hotels and hotels rooms in the region, it has also led to increase in prices charged by hoteliers. No. of UAE nationals in the hospitality industry in Dubai According to Stephenson (14), the number of UAE nationals working in the hospitality industry in Dubai has been increasing with time, as a survey in the hotels reflects. As the hotel business has increasingly faced growth and expansion, the number of people seeking both education and work in hotel and hospitality has also grown significantly (Jain web). Although no actual data is figuratively available to show the number of Emirati working in the hotel indust ry in Dubai, the situation has recorded growth over the last few years. Jumeirah international LLC maintains employment data has prioritised in facilitating and monitoring Emirati employment. In 2012, the number of Emirati employees working in Jumeirah grew from 178 to 233, while in 2013 it has reached at 226. New schemes adopted by different hotels have led to the rise in the number of Emirate nationals working in the industry. Different schemes have been adopted by different groups that have sought to increase locals seeking employment in the hotels. Generally, Emirates has been a hospitable region, with other nationals seeking employment in hotels based in Dubai. The number of working hours has been the biggest turn off so far for the Emirati seeking to be employed in the hotels (â€Å"Food Weekly News† web). Year growth (%) of UAE students intake/graduated The increase in the number of Emirati working in the hospitality industry indicates an increase in the number of stud ents enrolling in hospitality institutions. In EAHM for example, the total number of Emirate nationals who have joined the undergraduate program is 56 since the year 2001. Similar to the high turnover rates in the jobs, the withdrawal trends in the school are also high. Up to 43% of all students who enrol for the hospitality program have been found to drop. However, more measures have been put up by the government to ensure more students enrol and complete their studies in the college and other schools of hospitality (â€Å"Al Bawaba† 1). Specialties that UAE nationals target According to the UAE National Charter 2021, the UAE nationals target champions in all the fields of the economy (â€Å"United Arab Emirates Ministry of Cabinet Affairs†

Global Trends in Economic Justice

Global Trends in Economic Justice Introduction Throughout this course, I continually questioned my understanding of economic justice. With all that is changing throughout our world, the spectrum of economic justice will continually evolve, as interests, laws, human interactions, and politics change. It was especially interesting to see that the majority of the country falls in the top one percent of global wages, making and annual personal income of thirty four thousand. Which brings me to the issue of poverty, and how the global economy operates in a fundamentally unfair manner. Although our economy itself is improving and our nation is becoming stronger, this doesn’t mean much when a significant percentage of the population is struggling to survive. We have discussed the theories and concepts of what is fair through three different views: Libertarian Capitalism, Socialism and Welfare State. I will discuss my interpretation and personal reflections on economic justice in the world, and what I determine, based off of our class discussions and readings, to be fair and just. My Personal Reflection When discussions of poverty consumed the class, I decided to examine the way the world focuses on what needs to be changed to better the economy and end poverty, mostly within the media, versus what is actually being done about this situation. There have been a lot of positive changes made throughout the world, first with Social Security after the Great Depression, to the now popular food stamps, unemployment insurance, workers compensation, earned income tax credits, and on and on. But there are not enough jobs available to most Americans that pay above the minimum wage. There is also not enough investment in education or skill development trainings. Although the minimum wage was never intended to support an entire family, due to the lack of education and skills, a large percentage of Americans are only able to work where the pay is minimum. I feel that basic human rights and freedoms are being compromised by allowing the poverty level to continually increase. I support a welfare state and its ability to help those stricken with poverty, however I feel that there needs to be major changes before the government ends up bankrupt, from the inability to control how much is going out versus what is coming in. Throwing money at the problem has not assisted in lowering poverty or making those who are in poverty, self-sufficient. Instead of making people in poverty more comfortable, we need to create more prosperity, to provide a way for these people to get out of poverty. The more money that the United States spends on means assisting programs, it seems the poverty level increases, and according to president Barak Obama this budget for these programs will only increase over time. The best way to increase wealth in this situation is through the power of a free market. Protecting capital investments, giving people opportunities to start new businesses, encourage the failed government school system by encouraging competition and choice, and finally encouraging and educating the poor on how to save and invest. Poverty in the World vs three Approaches to Economic Justice â€Å"Since the beginning of the War on Poverty, government has spent nineteen point eight trillion (in inflation-adjusted 2011 dollars) on means-tested welfare. In comparison, the cost of all military wars in U.S. history from the Revolutionary War through the current war in Afghanistan has been six point nine eight trillion (in inflation-adjusted 2011 dollars). The War on Poverty has cost three times as much as all other wars combined.† (Rector, 2012) So what do we do? How do we make this fair and just? According to Stephen Nathanson, in the book Economic Justice, there are three approaches: Libertarian Capitalism – rewards people for their efforts and contributions, you can work hard and make more contributions but you don’t always earn more than people who work less and contribute less. Supports private ownership, a market system, supply and demand, inheritance, and charity. Socialism – believes an equal distribution would prevent despair, everyone has a share by virtue of their humanity, â€Å"from each according to his ability, from each according to his need.† (Nathanson, 1997) Supports public ownership, a planned economy, with a centralized publicly controlled system, and allocation based on need or the egalitarian principle. Welfare State – Allows people to get ahead by virtue of their efforts and contributions, while not judging them based on their success in the market, but that they have a legitimate claim to some resources. Supports primarily private ownership, a market system with some government intervention, and allocation based on some share of resources, market values and gifts. Libertarian Capitalism on Poverty â€Å"Despite the fact that states have long been globalized in terms of their economic relations, it is only in recent years that scholars have begun to pursue the problem of distributive or economic justice on the wider stage provided by world politics.† (Kapstein, 2006) The past 25 years have witnessed the greatest reduction in global poverty in the history of the world. â€Å"The credit goes to the spread of capitalism.† â€Å"Over the past few decades, developing countries have embraced economic-policy reforms that have cleared the way for private enterprise.† (Irwin, 2014) Even philosopher Adam Smith described the economy as a â€Å"commercial society.† Capitalism tends to cause some issues with regards to the poverty level because it encourages companies to shut down their factories and invest their money elsewhere, leaving people without a job. It basically is all about accumulation of wealth. Charles Murray suggests that people are in poverty beca use something in them is missing, and he believes that liquidating the welfare and government programs would leave those in poverty using these â€Å"crutches,† only the resources of the job market, friends, family, or private or locally funded services, encouraging use their merit and earn. Socialism on Poverty Individualism is promoted and views on capitalism from a socialist point of view is that of tyranny. They also tend to demand what the rich save and encourage wealth distribution through social entitlement programs, and because fair is never defined it cannot be measured. This view also likes to focus on production for need, not profit. They approve of increased and expanded government welfare assistance, as well as free quality education in a safe and secure environment. â€Å"Socialism will establish a new social and economic order in which workers and community members will take responsibility for and control of their interpersonal relationships, their neighborhoods, their local government, and the production and distribution of all goods and services.† (Socialist Party USA: 2013-2015 National Platform , 2014) Socialist believe that poverty is caused by the natural workings of a capitalist marketplace that has always excluded a significant part of the population from decent jobs and, thus, from the ability to purchase on the private market goods necessary for a decent life for themselves and their children. Welfare State on Poverty It is a theory that affords for the total security of its residents and is similar to socialism. It provides entitlement programs and some social insurance to its residents, and provides for persons in need, through an unnumbered amount of programs known as welfare. Welfare incorporates government programs that provide benefits and economic assistance to Americans with little or no income. One of the main goals of welfare in the United States, is to improve the quality of living standards and life, for the underprivileged. Welfare help is usually extended to people other than just the poor and underprivileged and includes students, unpaid workers, caregivers, mothers and the elderly. One of the foundations of this country is personal liberty, and dependency on a government agency for financial assistance can detract from this feeling, and way of life and move into more of a welfare state condition. Below is a 1940’s cartoon of William Beverage the founder of the Welfare State waiving a wand over big giant â€Å"wants.† People got used to living the easy life with all the benefits and they became dependent. Social policy has come to be driven by the very policies that the welfare state was supposed to replace. Poverty in the welfare state, even with all the additional benefits provided, to those with lower or no income, is still increasingly high. One reason is because there are some things that the welfare state cannot control, for example: Being disadvantaged in the labor market Can’t end inequality Cannot guarantee full employment Cannot provide stable marriages We have to remember that welfare was not created for the poor, it was created to prevent people from becoming poor. Conclusion The many issues and opinions with Capitalism, Socialism and the Welfare State, and the effects of each on poverty are almost one sided. Everywhere you research you will find that each is to its own. So I came to the conclusion that what is â€Å"fair† in economic justice with regards to poverty is that the government should continue with the welfare state, fund those in need, and continue to fight discrimination, to the best of its ability. With that said, I don’t believe in our lifetime we will see a major change in the poverty level, as our country continually accumulates debt to protect the underprivileged. So what is â€Å"fair† in this case is just making sure that everyone has an equal chance and opportunity to make a better life for themselves. This includes state and government funded programs that can provide people with the opportunity to better themselves. There needs to be better regulations and a limit to the amount of help one person or family can r eceive, so that each person isn’t just living off the government and increasing taxes for those that work. We as a country, especially with the new Obama Care laws are working to find a suitable solution to decreasing poverty, however, sharing the worlds wealth has never been an easy issue to address and correct. It will take a lot of time and effort, and newer more suitable laws that protect the working class as well as the underprivileged in an equal manner before I believe that there can be a major change in poverty. References Irwin, D. (2014, November 02). The Ultimate Global Antipoverty Program. Retrieved from The Wall Street Journal : http://www.wsj.com/articles/douglas-irwin-the-ultimate-global-antipoverty-program-1414972491 Kapstein, E. (2006). Economic Justice in an Unfair World:Toward a Level Playing Field. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Nathanson, S. (1997). Economic Justice. Pearson. Rector, R. (2012, May 03). Examining the Means-tested Welfare State: 79 Programs and $927 Billion in Annual Spending. Retrieved from The Heritage Foundation : http://www.heritage.org/research/testimony/2012/05/examining-the-means-tested-welfare-state Socialist Party USA: 2013-2015 National Platform . (2014, December 10). Retrieved from socialistparty-usa.net: http://socialistparty-usa.net/platform.html Yates, M. (2004). Poverty and Inequality in the Global Economy. Monthly Review, 55(9).

Sweden :: essays research papers

History, Science and Technology, Justice, and Environmental Issues of Sweden During the seventh and eighth centuries, the Swedes were merchant seamen well known for their trade. In the ninth century, Nordic Vikings raided and ravaged the European Continent as far as the Black and Caspian Seas. During the 11th and 12th centuries, Sweden slowly became a united Christian kingdom that later included Finland. Queen Margaret of Denmark united all the Nordic lands in the "Kalmar Union" in 1397. Frequent tension within the countries and within the union gradually led to open conflict between the Swedes and the Danes in the 15th century. The union's final disintegration in the early 16th century resulted in a long-lived rivalry between Norway and Denmark on one side and Sweden and Finland on the other. During and after World War I, in which Sweden remained neutral, the nation benefited from the worldwide demand for Swedish steel, ball bearings, wood pulp, and matches. Postwar achievement provided the basis for the social welfare policies characteristic of modern Sweden. Sweden followed a policy of armed impartiality during World War II and currently remains independent. Sweden became a member of the European Union in 1995. Many of Sweden’s science and technology activities are carried out by the Embassy of Sweden’s Science and Technology office. The main mission of the Science and Technology Office is to help cooperation in research and development and other exchange of knowledge between Sweden and Japan. This is done by telling decision-makers in Sweden about developments in Japan, and by arranging study visits, workshops and other events. The office preserves widespread contact networks in Sweden and Japan, mainly with key persons and organizations involved in research and innovation in government, academia, and industry. Most of the activities of the Science and Technology Office are carried out within the framework of â€Å"programs† operated in close partnership with, and financed by, Swedish government agencies and other organizations with responsibilities in the particular area covered by a program. Current programs cover the following areas: (1) Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), (2) Life Sciences and Bio-industry, (3) Sustainable Development, and (4) Overall Development of Japanese Science and Technology Policy and Innovation System. Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary form of government. According to the Swedish Constitution, all public power derives from the people. Sweden's head of state, the King, has only ceremonial functions. The top branch of the national government is the Parliament, which has 349 members in one chamber.

History of Israel Essay

For thousands of years, the small land of Israel has been the site of countless wars between people who claim, for many different reasons, the land as their own. The struggle persists up to this day, and blood continues to spill over what the world considers its Holy Land. Israel’s Biblical Past When one wishes to look at Israel’s history, it is important to study Israel’s Biblical account. This precious volume recounts Israel’s roots, her period of slavery in Egypt, her beginnings as separate tribes in the Promised Land, and the uniting of these tribes under a monarchy. Wood, 1986, p. 3) Fortunately, Biblical accounts of Israel are supported by archaeological data, which makes the information in the Bible historically valid and reliable. Israel is the chosen land for the chosen people. From the Bible, we see that this land was promised by God as reward for Abraham’s faithfulness and obedience to His word. Abraham is considered the Father of the Jewish Nation, and his descendants were the direct beneficiary of God’s covenant with him. However, the journey to the Promised Land would not be easy; it was wrought with so much pain and sacrifices. For quite a long time, the descendants of Abraham were slaves to the Egyptians. Still, they held on to God’s word, and when they were finally freed from slavery by Moses, they began their exodus from Egypt into the Canaan, the land that God has chosen for them. After a generation of wandering, the Jews finally arrived at Canaan. There, they settled as separate tribes, but was eventually unified under one king. Israel’s first king was Saul, but his greatest king was David. After a succession of kings, Israel was banished by God because of their sins. Muslims came to invade the land claiming it as their spiritual land as well. Thus, the Jewish nation lost their Promised Land once again. The Diaspora Since the time that the Jews lost Israel, they have been scattered all over the world. This dispersion is called the Diaspora, and has deeper meanings than mere physical separation or migration to other places. This Diaspora is meant to remind the Jews that they are meant to be together in Israel as God intended them to be. Thus the desire to return to their spiritual land abides even after thousands of years of Diaspora. This longing to return to Israel is made more acute by the persecution of Jews in almost every place they go. While there were isolated pockets of stability, the attempt to settle elsewhere was generally a failure, and they took this as a sign that it is time to return home. The Homecoming A hundred years after the crusades, Jews began to return to Israel in small trickles. Israel then was under Muslim rule, as it has stood when the Crusades failed to retake the land from them. During this time Israel was called Palestine to make the distinction between Jewish Israel. For hundreds of years the Jews made their slow excruciating homecoming, strengthened only by their faith in God that He shall soon restore them to their land. Slowly over many generations, the number of Jews continued to grow. This Jewish homecoming was encouraged by the internal rift within the Ottoman Empire. On one side, the Ottoman Empire was fighting the rebellious Bedouins, while fending off challenges to the legitimacy of the Ottoman State. (Lewis, 1996, p. 333) Gradually, these internal conflicts weakened the once mighty empire. Within the first decade of the twentieth century, the empire lost all of its territories, including Israel, their crown jewel. Thus, the Ottoman Empire was no more. Finally by the end of the nineteenth century, the population of Jews in Palestine was big enough to exert some pressure over Palestine. In 1897, the First Zionist Congress was convened. This Congress formally declared the intention to establish a Jewish state within Palestine that will be recognized by the international community. This move was supported by Britain and the United States, who declared their favor over the creation of an independent Jewish state. However, the declaration did not find steam as the influx of Jews slowed down in the early twentieth century. The resurgence came in the 1940’s when the Holocaust killed millions of Jews in Europe. This unspeakable horror wrought upon the Jews solidified their resolve to build their own country and galvanized support from the international community. After World War II, the United Nations declared that Palestine be split in two, one for the Arabs and one for the Jews. As expected, the Arab world raised their objections against the division. Violence erupted immediately after this announcement and continued unabated until David Ben-Gurion, in accordance with the UN Partition Plan, declared independence for the Jewish nation and the creation of the State of Israel in May 14, 1948. The Holy Wars Right after the creation of the Israeli state, neighboring Arab countries surrounded Israel and attacked them from all sides. With sheer resolve to defend their homeland, the fledgling nation with an inexperienced army was able to repel the invading forces. In fact, the Jewish army went so far as advancing their forces, and occupying territories outside their mandated boundaries; this includes most of the land allocated for the Arabs under the Partition Plan, and half of Jerusalem which was supposed to be a UN-controlled city. A ceasefire was successfully negotiated with current occupation defining the new boundaries of Israel. As a result of the Arab invasion, Israel now straddles a land much bigger than what was given to them in the UN Partition Plan. Hundreds of thousands of refugees from both fronts resulted from this war of Israeli independence. The Jewish refugees who have been expelled from Arab lands continue to flock to Israel, while Arab refugees displaced by the Israeli territory continue to settle along the border in UN-sanctioned refugee camps. Even up to this day, Jews and Arabs trapped in the conflict pray for safe passage. The Promise of Israel Arabs and Jews stare at each other across the border in an uneasy truce. Even up to this day, lasting peace is an elusive dream as extremists from both sides threaten war at any time. Israel has created a deep and far-reaching conflict that affects the entire world. Arab terrorists attack the United States and Britain for being staunch allies of Israel, and the United States, in retaliation, is now holding a war in Iraq. And the violence goes on. That the Holy Land of Israel shall be the site of such violence is indeed mankind’s collective tragedy. Where the story of Israel shall take us, we can never know, but this much I am sure of: the war over the Holy Land will never stop until we find it in our hearts to forgive and accept one another. Perhaps it is the fate of a Chosen Land to never find peace until humanity makes peace with each another. The promise of the Holy Land is the promise of peace, and it is incumbent upon us to bring that promise to its final fulfillment.

To What Extent Should We Trust Our Senses to Give Us the Truth

To what extent should we trust our senses to give us the truth? Most of the things we know are based on a life-long series of observations and experiments through our own senses. Without our senses, social interactions and critical thinking would be impossible, leaving us only with inexplicable emotions, a close state to nothingness. Despite its significance, however, our senses have limitations ranges from our dependency to language to our own biological limitations. Human beings are inherently provided with these inevitable limitations.We therefore, as well-educated individuals, must not completely trust our senses as it can easily be deceived. Our dependence on language distorts what our senses are truly getting. In a simple context of analyzing an art piece, for instance in the process of analyzing the nuance of the work, our interpretations of what we see tend to be bounded with the language that we know. Without the use of language, in this context, the art piece will remain ab stract in our mind. The emotions that we get from viewing the art piece, for example, can be described with adjectives.In a wider sense, language influences the way we think. I have encountered an experience where my short eyesight (I need glasses to see â€Å"normally†) gave a misleading account to an event. I was in an art convention center with my friend; the place was covered with a realistically structured fake plastic trees. It was part of the art works being exhibited. In the end of the expo I said to my friend, â€Å"Nice right! Such great pieces of art shown there! Especially the trees, how on earth can they grow it to form such structure†.My friend, whose vision is â€Å"normal†, told me that it the trees were forgeries. I wasn't using my glasses at the moment, If I was then I would've reacted differently. Biological capabilities limit what we are able to sense and perceive. There are still many factors such as spacial familiarity, past experience; our tendency to see or hear what we expect rather than what really happen; optical illusions or social and cultural conditioning that aren’t being discussed, but also a limitation of our senses.Although with the chance of getting false knowledge, what important is that we develop critical thinking skills to distinguish between good and bad reasoning. Examining our own perspectives, using our own senses perhaps, and comparing them to those of others and to see what we learn from it is what important rather than abstaining from the pursuit of knowledge due to the limitations of our senses.

Catherine Beecher essays

Catherine Beecher essays Until the 1830s, the womens role in society was not what it should have been. Men still ran the household with complete power over the family. Men owned every personal property of the family including their wives personal property, their personal property, and anything obtained or produced by any other family member. Even the right to choose ones husband was still held by the father. Overall, housework and marriage life was the central existence for women. Not until 1835, when Arkansas passed the first married womens property laws, did the idea of a women living on their own terms come about. By 1860 a total of 17 states had passed such laws setting the basis for a womens time to shine. These laws said that a woman, married, single, or widowed, could hold personal property, inherit property, and write a will as well. Even divorce laws were coming to age, but divorce was still seen as an uncommon thing. As the industrial society grew, the man of the house held jobs outside of the hom e and women stepped to the front of the family. In Beechers document she explains that women should take part in, and understand, the Democratic institutions of the nation. She says it is no longer time for women to stand in the background, but it is time for women to hold a place in their Democratic society, and they did. Poor, widowed, and free-black women made up the chunk of workers trying to support themselves, but they made such lousy wages they were stuck in the life of poverty. Some women left their homes at the extremely young age of 12 to work and support themselves. The jobs these women usually held were domestic. They did as they would in their own household, but sold those services to others in need of it at their home. For the rest of the women remaining in their household raising their children was their full-time job now. Since the country was more urban in this time, the work of farming was los...

The interview by Francis Collins on The Language of GOD

The interview by Francis Collins on The Language of GOD To begin with, we must appreciate the fact that science and religion have been perceived to be conflicting concepts since time immemorial. While religion and science cannot be disentangled from the reality of God and creation, there is a sharp contrast between scientific discoveries and most of the biblical doctrines.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The interview by Francis Collins on The Language of GOD specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although Francis Collins is assertive that religion and science can co-exist and that there is no conflict between the two entities, it is factual that the two concepts conflict each other severally. Throughout the interview, the author reiterates that he is a strong Christian believer and that he cannot abandon his faith in God just because of being a specialist in DNA. He argues that he has passion for science. Nevertheless, true Christians believe that the Bible represen ts the spoken word of God and that every answer about life’s challenges is found in the Bible. From this perspective, Christian believers have been left in a state of dilemma for centuries especially when they have to correlate scientific ideas and religious doctrines. From the first question in the interview, Collins outlines that the concept of evolution did not jut spring from space (Beliefnet 4). It was God’s plan for evolution to take place. Even if God planned for evolution, he must have outlined it in the Bible. Evolution should be treated or perceived as a unique scientific aspect that goes against the ideals of creation. In fact, the scientific theory which asserts that all living species have a common ancestor should be further investigated. Even though the perspective on the origin of living species has been received with overwhelming mixed reactions, it should not weaken the contents of the Bible. The author notes that there is no missing link between scien ce and religion. However, it is surprising to observe that the creation theories from both perspectives differ remarkably. For instance, the Biblical account of creation asserts that God created the earth and everything in it. Creation took a total of six days and on the seventh day, God took a rest. On the other hand, the theory of evolution was put forward by Charles Darwin in1859 in his book The Origin of the Species. According to this theory, all the living species emanated from a common creature. However, the species have evolved (transformed) gradually with the passage of time.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A case in point is the evolution of man from other primates such as monkeys and baboons. Sincerely peaking, these are vivid differences that need not to be expounded in any length. Although Collins seem to insinuate that we are yet to study ade quate scientific facts in order to appreciate the truth, it does not auger well with any other Christian believer to be told that man originated from apes. The biblical account of creation is straightforward. Therefore, we may appreciate the contribution of science to humanity on other platforms but not on creation. Secondly, is it true that God planned the process of evolution and that it was not a random undertaking? Well, this may be beyond our ordinary human understanding in as much us we should give God all the credits for creating the planet and life in it. Nevertheless, the author does not give any evidence of his claim. If God really planned for evolution, why is there a sharp contrast in creation theories? Better still, why is this plan not accounted for in the Bible? Even though science may have some outright responses to such inquiries, Christians are not mandated at all to believe in science at the expense of biblical doctrines. As already mentioned above, the spoken wor d of God can only be found in the books and chapters of the Bible. Additionally, Christians may still posit that scientific revelations are not inspired by any entity (relies on human knowledge per se) while Biblical doctrines were inspired through the prophets of God. Christians are still o the right track of pursuing their faith even though the author observes that he is sympathetic to fellow Christians who think that evolution has damaged their faith towards creation. In fact, the study of DNA and the vital applications of scientific knowledge should be taken as unique ways of worshipping God. Science allows a broader way of worshipping God (Beliefnet 4). Is it possible to reconcile evolution with the Bible? According to Collins, God planned for evolution to take place. Nonetheless, this may not be a satisfactory response to this question. Perhaps, evolution should be viewed as the gradual transformation of living creatures. This is indeed an inevitable process in life. Even huge rock boulders undergo the process of weathering that eventually reduces them into smaller particles.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The interview by Francis Collins on The Language of GOD specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, evolution can only be reconciled with the Bible if its meaning and content are duly revised. For example, the evolution theory on creation is still controversial and will always remain that way among Christians. Therefore, creation theory according to evolution should be expunged from science in order to fully reconcile the two divides. In addition, Collins is quite categorical that it was the plan of God to create human beings for the sake of his own glory. This cannot be disputed because God used evolution to meet his broad objective on humanity. Even though most Christian believers think that evolution is a far-fetched scientific concept that does not meet the Biblical thresho ld, the author is of the opinion that evolution did not take God by surprise since it was part and parcel of his plan towards life (Beliefnet 5). This is perhaps the reality on the ground because even if Christians have not appreciated the theory of evolution in totality, scientific knowledge is largely applicable in the modern life. Finally, we ought to concur with the author that the myriads of discoveries that have been made in the field of science should be uniquely used to appreciate and worship God as the Supreme Being. In fact, the wonders of creation exemplify the nature of God in totality. Moreover, the extent at which DNA applications can be put into practice should be gauged. Designing babies of our choices through DNA options contravenes the purpose of God towards mankind. It is the worst form of criticism that humanity can offer to God. Interfering with genetic makeup confirms that we are not contended with the natural choice of God. Conclusion To recap it all, it is vi tal to reaffirm that science and religion are broad concepts that should be treated with utmost caution. However, religion should always be given precedence over science because its doctrines are almost indisputable.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Beliefnet. Interview with Francis Collins. Center for online and distance education. Simon Fraser University (n.d): 4-6. Print.

Breadtalk International Marketing Plan Strategy Free Sample

Breadtalk pany Limited is a Singaporean bakery, founded in 2000. The enterprise runs a chain of 38 retail outlets through Breadtalk Pre Limited (BreadTalk Group Limited, 2014: 1-17). These stores sell snacks such as buns, pastries, cakes, and bread. Breadtalk is a focused pany; a clear mission statement guides its operations. It also enjoys services from highly trained and qualified managers and mitted stakeholders. In honor-ship of bread making activities, Breadtalk pany is on a mission to lead a new lifestyle that prises of innovative changes and creativity in differentiations (BreadTalk Group Limited, 2016; 1-13). Therefore, it aims at crafting products with vibrancy and passion. As the pany strives to gain petitive advantages to withstand market conditions, Breadtalk has set long-term goals. First, the pany is enhancing its presence across the globe, in particular on the Asian Market, premium, and target halal (rephrase). Other objectives are the realization of the present product level by 15% alongside ing back within a time span of less than a year. By the end of the next biennium, it is targeting at cultivating two green market advantages. Through its operations, BreadTalk aims to sell its products mainly, in the Asian market, premium and halal. The pany is also targeting individuals with experience food; such as customizers and food trend followers Currently, the food market has b e more petitive due to the entry of new with similar products. BreadTalk is pleted by Bengawal solo, Four leaves, Swee Heng and Baker Talent. To ove e these rival panies, it is creating a young, fashion and good image to consumers with distinct tastes. Having gained popularity over the past years, BreadTalk is spearheading by consistency provision of stylish and fresh snack culture. Apparently, this strategy is attracting more consumers. BreadTalk market segmentation prises of up-scale suburb customers. The pany is also targeting working professionals and young generations. Another targeted group is high-market-i e households. Enhancing accessibility of the market, BreadTalk is focusing on consumers who have bread as their favorite and hence, consider the importance of fresh and healthy food (Research and M 0005, 2016). Fortunately, such consumers are willing to try new products. They are also loyal to the pany and make huge purchases. Breadtalk market is segmented into the following; behavioral, demographic, psychographic, and geographical differences. Currently, the Asian market demand is based on quality and product freshness. In, response, the BreadTalk has e up with effective marketing behavioral act such as offering different cakes and bread. The quality of these products is highly supervised by the enterprise before delivery. Another marketing behavioral practice done by the pany is stimulation of customers’ senses. In so doing, all the products supplied are not only of value but also available in attractive packages. BreadTalk is expanding its franchise network rapidly. While serving the entire Asian population, the pany has forged the partnership in Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, Bahrain and Hong Kong. The demography is also intended to cover Sri Lanka, Qatar, Lebanon and Myanmar. In response to various locations, BreadTalk adjusts their product in line with culture. To this respect, the pany provides a mixture of Asian and Western tastes resulting in approximately 150 different products. As BreadTalk is controlling these variables to satisfy the desire of customers in various locations. It also aims at gaining more consumers hence, realizing the firm’s objectives (Peter and Donnelly, 2003). BreadTalk pany supplies outstanding products across the Asian market, making it a lifestyle brand.   Not mentioning attractive packaging, the products are of high quality. Furthermore, they are fresh. This market segmentation strategy maintains focus to abstract the entire Asian Market in its line of business. Significantly, the pany is soldiering on to strengthen its appearance across the world. This global expansion span is aimed at creating over 500 more outlets (Jitpleecheep, 2012). Also, the pany is focused on launching two new brands; The Icing Room and Bread Society.   On the same note, the organization is offering series of launch specials both on BreadTalk App and stores. Strategically, the pany is also health oriented; iPad and iPhone apps have been formed to enable go-consumers to buy coupons on-the-go. They can also redeem them in exchange for products. BreadTalk Group Limited. (2016), ‘Breadtalk Group Limited Marketline pany Profile’, pp. 1-13. BreadTalk Group Limited. (2014), ‘Breadtalk Group Limited Marketline pany Profile’, pp. 1-17. Jitpleecheep, P. (2012), ‘BreadTalk to double Thai presence’, Bangkok Post (Thailand) (16 May 2016) accessed 24 September 2016. Peter, J. P., and Donnelly, J. H. (2003). A preface to marketing management. Boston, McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Research and M 0005. (2016), ‘Global Fresh Baked Products Market 2016-2020 With Breadtalk, Dunkin Donuts, Einstein Bros. Bagels, Greggs, Panera Bread & Tim Hortons Dominating - Research and Markets. Business Wire (English), December, Regional Business News. With a decade's experience in providing essay help,

What do you think two essays have in common Assignment

What do you think two essays have in common - Assignment Example Neuroscience, the New Philosophy article engages readers into ascertaining that some people may be convicted of crimes that they neither did not know nor are they knowledgeable of the people who undertook them. The following study evaluates and establishes the similarities between the two articles on neuroscience and its flaws as depicted in John Reid’s interrogation practices. John Reid exposed Parker to a series of questions concerning his wife’s murder case. During the interview, Reid focused on ensuring that Parker conformed to his demands that he was indeed behind his wife’s execution. The study indicates that Parker was honest to explain how he found his wife lying dead on the bed as he went home from his workplace. According to Ramachandran, â€Å"the society abides to the Freudian theory while addressing psychiatry issues and in major cases, people base their arguments on unrealistic judgment†. Through Reid’s determination and confidence that he would eventually incriminate Parker towards his wife’s murder, the controversial article on neuroscience asserts on the societal changes and technological improvements that people use to argue upon the occurrence of something as true while reducing the use of manual judgments. The two articles indicate similarities concerning the function of the human brain, and the assump tions of the society concerning the actions of transmitters and reactors in the brain (39). A sensory machine attached to the suspect indicated that he was giving factual answers concerning his wife’s murder. Despite the honesty, Reid revealed dissatisfaction to the answers and warned Parker that he was lying against telling the truth. According to the Neuroscience, the New Philosophy article, the human mind is vulnerable to temptations and people are capable of agreeing to certain demands whenever they are incapable of finding actual answers concerning the situations in question (34).

Company Story Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Company Story Analysis - Case Study Example If one day I decided to work in farming business, Westafrmers would appear as a perfect opportunity for me because they have managed to create an exceptional narrative besides the product of high quality. In every story it is necessary to know the beginning because it usually defines further development. One of the most noticeable points of Westfarmers is their incredible growth from a local enterprise with $2, 050 paid up capital to $ 50 billion capital. Thus, the company seems to be almost self-made starting from the basic if not say the lowest level of farmer`s business. I feel great respect to such businesses that manage to choose right product, find right people, and make them work for the benefit of mutual enterprise. The story of Westafarmers is therefore a story of a wise business which was accumulating knowledge and experience step by step to transform into an international business. The age of the company is also impressive- 100 hundred years which means that the business has survived numerous world crises and only increased its profit eventually. It means that ordeals and problems are not threatening to Westafarmers or that it managed to overcome them effectively. But what is actually the philosophy of the company? It is made by people who cherished unique culture adding new traditions and management techniques. It seems that Westafarmers appreciate the contribution of each and every worker because the Chairman uses the metaphor to describe his feeling from working there â€Å"standing on the shoulders of giants†1 which means that the foundation of Westfarmers is extremely solid, strong, and unbreakable that for him, a hundred years after the company establishment working there is pure pleasure. Westfarmers is also a great and capturing story as it gives the citizens of the country more than 200.000 working places. It means that the company sees itself as the

Reproductive Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reproductive Disorders - Essay Example Nearly 20% of men with rectal colonization become symptomatic. Infection in untreated cases is complicated by involvement of testes and epididymis (Ison, 2011). In females, nearly half of the uncomplicated N. gonorrhoeae infections are asymptomatic. Symptomatic females present with purulent or nonpurulent vaginal discharge due to cervicitis. Complicated infection is more common in women. Involvement of fallopian tubes and pelvic peritoneum occurs and patient presents with acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, malaise and ill health (Ison, 2011). PID due to gonococcal infection is more common in the developing part of the world. It is acquired by sexual transmission. The infection spreads across the epithelium of fallopian tubes, ovaries and pelvic peritoneum causing inflammation of these structures and resultant adhesions and abscesses. Ovarian abscess and peritonitis are serious sequelae of the disease (Ison, 2011). Jane’s symptoms are suggestive of peritonitis. Fallopian tube blockage and adhesions due to pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian abscess can lead to infertility and ectopic pregnancy (Ison, 2011). Thus, Jane may develop infertility as a result of PID. N. gonorrhoeae was earlier sensitive to antimicrobials but it has rapidly developed resistance. At present, 3rd generation extended cephalosporins are the drugs of choice. Penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae is drug resistant bacteria and this enzyme mediated resistance is acquired through plasmids. A low degree of resistance is also mediated as chromosomal resistance which is a result of additive effect of multiple mutations. They have become resistant to Tetracyclines but ceftriaxone nd azithromycin remain active (Ison, 2011). Ison, C.A.  (2011). Gonorrhoeae and the clinical picture of infection. In G. E. Gross & S. K. Tyring (Eds.), Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (pp. 79-80). New York:

US Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

US Airline Industry - Essay Example Southwest first expanded to the East Coast in 1993, with service to Baltimore-Washington International Airport. In 1994, the company acquired Morris Air, a Salt Lake City, Utah based airline. That same year, Southwest launched several programs to cut costs. A ticket less system reduced travel agents commissions, and Southwest began to use an in-house reservation system. By 1997, Southwest Airlines served cities in all parts of the continental United States. This same year, Southwest formed an alliance with Icelandair. This agreement enabled Southwest passengers to connect from several United States cities to Europe through Icelandairs Baltimore hub. The company completed its first non-stop transcontinental flight in 1998, thus establishing Southwest as a formidable domestic competitor. In this paper potential areas of improvement, and how Southwest Airlines can gain its own advantage in the industry will be discussed. Southwest ranked number one in on-time performance for several years according to [The Department of Transportations Air Travel Consumer Report]" (Goh, 2007, 103). This punctuality can be attributed the companys ticket less system and no-frills approach to air travel. The ticket less system reduces costs for both consumers and Southwest. Travel agents and ticket brokers are eliminated from the ticketing process. This also minimizes the lengthy check-in processes by eliminating physical transactions between customer service representatives and the consumer. All that is required is a reservation number and a form of identification to receive a reusable boarding pass, which enables the customer to board quickly. Southwests no-frill approach reduces preparation time by eliminating the time required for three optional services. The first service to be bypassed is the meal distribution by flight attendants. Southwest does not serve meals on any flight regardless of duration. This severely reduces the time required of planes while sitting

Culturally competent nursing care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culturally competent nursing care - Essay Example Though the nurse was a little tough by insisting on the medication which would improve him and indicating that there was no reason for him not to take it, the patient obliged. She reminded him that this was the protocol in the post operative ward and the patient’s comfort was foremost in her mind. Her frustrated attitude was because she could not gauge why patients refuse necessary medications which could only benefit them. Deep down in my heart, I could understand why the patient refused to take the medication. The nurse was right in carrying out her duty but she could have utilized her knowledge of cultural diversity and respected the patient’s wishes. The Chinese believe that medications must be a last resort. Many in my country only take them when the pain is unbearable. This idea may seem old-fashioned to the modern world but they work for us. Demographic changes have reflected an increasingly diverse population globally. The immigration of people of varying races, ethnicity and cultures into America has similarly changed the demography. This increasingly multicultural profile of the American population requires that nurses provide culturally competent care in nursing. Leininger (1999) defined transcultural nursing â€Å"as a formal area of study, research, and practice which focuses on care beliefs based on culture, values and practices to help cultures or subcultures, not just maintain or regain their health system but also help facing disabilities or death in culturally congruent and beneficial caring ways† (Leininger, 1999). Hospitalized patients and their families are subjected to numerous stresses. If nurses lack cultural awareness and fail to provide culturally competent care, patients are more likely to experience increased stress and inadequate care provided by nurses. The understanding and provision of culturally competent care by nurses will make a difference to the health outcomes of many cultural

Reproductive Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reproductive Disorders - Essay Example Nearly 20% of men with rectal colonization become symptomatic. Infection in untreated cases is complicated by involvement of testes and epididymis (Ison, 2011). In females, nearly half of the uncomplicated N. gonorrhoeae infections are asymptomatic. Symptomatic females present with purulent or nonpurulent vaginal discharge due to cervicitis. Complicated infection is more common in women. Involvement of fallopian tubes and pelvic peritoneum occurs and patient presents with acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, malaise and ill health (Ison, 2011). PID due to gonococcal infection is more common in the developing part of the world. It is acquired by sexual transmission. The infection spreads across the epithelium of fallopian tubes, ovaries and pelvic peritoneum causing inflammation of these structures and resultant adhesions and abscesses. Ovarian abscess and peritonitis are serious sequelae of the disease (Ison, 2011). Jane’s symptoms are suggestive of peritonitis. Fallopian tube blockage and adhesions due to pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian abscess can lead to infertility and ectopic pregnancy (Ison, 2011). Thus, Jane may develop infertility as a result of PID. N. gonorrhoeae was earlier sensitive to antimicrobials but it has rapidly developed resistance. At present, 3rd generation extended cephalosporins are the drugs of choice. Penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae is drug resistant bacteria and this enzyme mediated resistance is acquired through plasmids. A low degree of resistance is also mediated as chromosomal resistance which is a result of additive effect of multiple mutations. They have become resistant to Tetracyclines but ceftriaxone nd azithromycin remain active (Ison, 2011). Ison, C.A.  (2011). Gonorrhoeae and the clinical picture of infection. In G. E. Gross & S. K. Tyring (Eds.), Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (pp. 79-80). New York:

Culturally competent nursing care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culturally competent nursing care - Essay Example Though the nurse was a little tough by insisting on the medication which would improve him and indicating that there was no reason for him not to take it, the patient obliged. She reminded him that this was the protocol in the post operative ward and the patient’s comfort was foremost in her mind. Her frustrated attitude was because she could not gauge why patients refuse necessary medications which could only benefit them. Deep down in my heart, I could understand why the patient refused to take the medication. The nurse was right in carrying out her duty but she could have utilized her knowledge of cultural diversity and respected the patient’s wishes. The Chinese believe that medications must be a last resort. Many in my country only take them when the pain is unbearable. This idea may seem old-fashioned to the modern world but they work for us. Demographic changes have reflected an increasingly diverse population globally. The immigration of people of varying races, ethnicity and cultures into America has similarly changed the demography. This increasingly multicultural profile of the American population requires that nurses provide culturally competent care in nursing. Leininger (1999) defined transcultural nursing â€Å"as a formal area of study, research, and practice which focuses on care beliefs based on culture, values and practices to help cultures or subcultures, not just maintain or regain their health system but also help facing disabilities or death in culturally congruent and beneficial caring ways† (Leininger, 1999). Hospitalized patients and their families are subjected to numerous stresses. If nurses lack cultural awareness and fail to provide culturally competent care, patients are more likely to experience increased stress and inadequate care provided by nurses. The understanding and provision of culturally competent care by nurses will make a difference to the health outcomes of many cultural

The Elimination of the Electoral College Essay Example for Free

The Elimination of the Electoral College Essay With the recent election, a controversy has come up about the eliminating the Electoral College. The Electoral College is made up of a group of electors where they vote for the President and the Vice President based on the states popular vote for the candidate. There are 538 Electoral College votes and in order to win the election, a candidate must have a majority of 270 votes to become the President. When Americans cast their vote, they are actually casting votes for the electors who will then cast their votes for the candidate. So, what’s the issue? Well, the issue is that, â€Å"The current system has the problem that presidential campaigns concentrate on only ten of the fifty states, and at least four out of five Americans are left out of the process of deciding who their president should be,† according to John Koza. In this election alone, President Obama and Governor Romney have visited Ohio a total of seventy-one times because Ohio was a major battleground state. To add on, statistics show that President Obama and Governor Romney have spent about ninety- five percent of their time and money in only ten out of the fifty states. Why? Because those battleground states have citizens who are undecided as to which candidate they should vote for, whereas most of the citizens in other states are decided. Now, let’s say that there was no electoral college and the candidates won by popular vote, chances are that they will spend a lot of their time and money campaigning in heavily populated areas such as the New England states, the South, and the West Coast. This unit has mostly been about public opinion and political participation. It has also been about the election. We learned how people choose the president and we got a general idea about the Electoral College. The Electoral College plays a HUGE role in an election. As I mentioned in the first paragraph, the electors vote for a candidate based on the states popular vote. Take Virginia for example, if you were to look at the counties, you would see that a majority of them voted for Governor Romney. If you were to look at the heavily populated (urban) areas like Richmond or D.C., they voted for President Obama. So, what candidate did the electors place their vote for? President Obama. Just by looking at the map, one would think that Virginia voted republican. The Electoral College was an agreement between the election of a candidate by a vote in Congress and the election of a candidate by popular vote of citizens. I’m sure that back when the Electoral College was formed, no one questioned the fairness of it. The popular vote is basically being spilt from the Electoral College vote. In my opinion, the Electoral College should be eliminated because it should not be electors from each state deciding the â€Å"fate† of our country. It should be the citizens deciding the outcome of an election because after all, that is why we are allowed to vote. I feel that even though we are allowed to vote, our vote doesn’t really count because of the Electoral College. Voting is a great way for our votes to be heard and to exercise one of our many rights, but if the Electoral College is eliminated, then we might as well not vote. Works Cited Page Savage, George . George Savage: Time to eliminate the Electoral College.Madison.com Madison WI news sports entertainment. N.p., 5 Nov. 2012. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. Jeunesse, William La. Time to eliminate the Electoral College? | Fox News. Fox News Breaking News Updates | Latest News Headlines | Photos News Videos. N.p., 5 Nov. 2012. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. . Is it time to eliminate the Electoral College? | TheGazette. Eastern Iowa Breaking News and Headlines | thegazette.com Cedar Rapids, Iowa City. N.p., 6 Nov. 2012. Web. 9 Nov. 2012. .

The Palm Oil Industry In Malaysia Economics Essay

The Palm Oil Industry In Malaysia Economics Essay INTRODUCTION Summary of Research Palm oil also known as Elaeis guineensis. Palm oil is derived from the pulp, and it can be found from African palm. There are so many uses of palm oil, such as edible oil, soaps, candles, cosmetic and chocolates. The colour of palm oil usually red colored, it is because of content of palm oil. The red coloured content with two types of carotene, there are à Ã‚ °-carotene and ÃŽÂ ²-carotene. a-carotene contents with 30mg per 100 g, and ÃŽÂ ²-carotene contents with 30mg together with Vitamin E. Usually ÃŽÂ ²-carotene already removed and become a pale oil. Three content of pale oil, saturated vegetable fats, mono-saturated and the last one is polyunsaturated. Besides that, other than red colored of palm oil, there are yellowish-white colors and also known as palm kernel oil. It can be use to make a margarine and cosmetics. 1.1.2 Palm Oil History Palm oil has been found in West African countries. This palm oil is good to make cooking oil. The uses of palm oil that been introduced by West African and has attracted the European merchants to make an international trade between this two country in order to purchased palm oil. Ashanti Empire or Ashanti Confederacy plants a large amount of oil palm trees, while the King of Kingdom of Dahomey forbid whoever person from cutting the palm oil trees. This uses of palm oil have been attracted the Britains Industrial. And the value of palm oil increased because of the demand from British Traders. Besides that, palm oil also can make soap, for example, Sunlight Soap and the Palmolive brand. A country such as Ghana and Nigeria becomes a primary export from West African but in year 1880 this export of palm oil was overtaken by cocoa. 1.1.3 Research of palm oil in Malaysia. Research and development (RD) began to expand the oil palm breeding in 1960s. This activities implemented after the establishing the Malaysias Department of Agriculture. The government also provided a college to train society how to plant palm oil. For example, the government established Kolej Serdang and now become Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM). This university encouraged the graduates student to conduct research related to the palm oil. Malaysia. In year 1979, government established Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM). This institute support from UPM and B.C Sekhar as a founder and chairperson also support Porim to be a coordinated institution. Porim also giving the opportunities to society especially the scientist to do RD related to the uses of palm oil. In year 2000, Porim changed to Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB). Nowadays MPOB become well known at the international country. 1.1.4 Bright future of palm oil in Malaysia Few years ago, the income from palm oil production has become the big contribution to Malaysias Economy. Because of the income gain from palm oil, many palm oil companies can give the employee bonuses every year. Besides that, oil palm shareholders also get the benefit of selling the palm oil. Industry of palm oil said that, the price of palm oil will maintain every year depends on the economic condition. Because of production of palm oil has contributed to Malaysias economy, the changes of palm oil prices in Malaysia always published in newspapers. It is good for rural area, because rural areas are the biggest hectares in palm oil plantation. As we know, price of palm oil influenced by the production of palm oil, import and export, and then global economic condition. If the global economic become more slowdown, it will the major fact that the importer will less confident to the production of the palm oil in our country. If the prices of palm oil decrease, we can replant back the palm and reducing supply. This can help the prices of palm oil increase back. Besides that, nowadays, many new developments in technologies also can increases the production of palm oil. 1.2 Problem Statement Price of palm oil always fluctuated depends 4 factors. The 4 factors are production of palm oil, export of palm oil, consumption of palm oil, and land area in plantation of palm oil. The problem of this research is difficult to seek the data in internet. To find this data, we must find it at statistic department besides of UMS. 1.3 Research objective This research has an objective that to find a factor that influence the price of palm oil in Malaysian palm oil market. After find the factor, we must find the relationship between this four factors to the prices of palm oil. to find this relationship, we must test it one by one using econometric. 1.4 Significance of the research Researcher This research suitable for the researchers who wants to gain knowledge and information about palm oil in Malaysia. All this information gather from internet, journal, and by result from E-Views. So all society especially researcher will gain knowledge on the study about determinant of the price of palm oil in Malaysia. Palm Oil Industry The palm oil companies also can get benefit from this research by knowing the factor that will influence the price of palm oil respectively. If palm oil companies already knew what the factor can influence the price of palm oil, the palm oil companies increased the export of palm oil and our country also can get higher income because of the production of palm oil. Labor Study Labor can know what are the big factor that can influence the price of palm oil, and then can their can increase performance in terms of work quality and many more. 1.5 Scope and Limitation of the study The scope of this study is around Malaysia and the data collected on production of palm oil, export of palm oil, consumption of palm oil, and plantation of palm oil in land area (hectares). This data from year 1980 to 2009, involved 29 years. The data for 2010 also hard to find because year 2010 is not finished yet. So the data for 2010 is not stated yet. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW The previous study has been made to understand the impact of palm oil based-biodiesel demand on palm oil prices (Ramli; Roslan and Ayatollah, K 2007). Nowadays biodiesel has become an important fuel to our society. It is because of the growing concern for the environment. Demand for the biodiesel has become higher, and that effect to the amount of palm oil that we can get in the market that putting its prices increased sharply since July 2006. That days, the prices of palm oil influenced by the stock, supply, production. From July 2006 onwards, biofuel become a serious fuel of his renewable production. Biodiesel mainly from palm has increased the demand and altered the economics of palm oil. This study using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). This method has been proven to forecast from July 2006 to end 2007 to forecast the prices of palm oil. Supporting to this journal, the prices of petroleum and vegetable oil down to be moving slowly together. (Anna Awad, Fatimah, 2009). This previous studies have been made to find the long term relationship the prices of crude oil and vegetable oil. They were using the Engle-Granger two-stage to do the method. This study use data over the period from January 1983 to March 2008. The two products show the result of the strong evidence of a long relationship. Began in the 1970s until 21 century, the price for all commodities increased between January 2000 and March 2008. The increased of the prices caused by the increased petroleum price more than 300%, while food prices increased 107% during the same period and vegetables oil increased of 192%. Besides that,(Mohd Nasir, 2003) said that Malaysia is the largest producer and Indonesia is the second largest producer. This two country is the exporter where they contribute 89.6% of palm oil trade in the world and 83.5 % of production. They also export crude palm oil (CPO) and other than that processed palm oil (PPO). The Malaysia exporting quantities of CPO increased from 0.4 million tones to 1.3 million tones in 2000 and 2001, followed by exports of Indonesian CPO increased from 1.8 to 2.0 million tones. Both countries also contributed PPO which is the larger share of palm products. CPO and PPO in Malaysian were lower than Indonesia in 2001 and 2002. Both countries products imposed by the tariffs with the objectives initially raising revenue. For example, in Malaysia is to encouraging down stream while for Indonesia it reflected to consumer down. Both countries have been imposed taxes on export, and there is a difference way the exports duty payable. (Ahmad Borhan and Mohd Arif, 2009) said that the prices of palm oil and it comprises crude palm oil and processed palm oil is a strong indicator of the level of palm oil stock. The stock of palm oil has been hovered around 1 million tones. With this amount, the volume has become the psychological which prices tend to be increased and decreased. The end of stock fully depends on the export of palm oil and its production. While local usage and import play smaller roles. The Malaysian palm oil industry has estimated that 1.8 million tones could become the new level of palm oil stock. But it all depends on change in the demand and supply factors. (James, 2008) said that the prices of crude palm oil (CPO) has a strong relationship with stock according to the conventional economics. The economics of oils and fats had changed in the last two years, that cause both prices and rising in tandem according to traditional economic theory. Because of created the new role played by biodiesel, the strong signs of a linkages also created. The palm oil prices should take into one account of two factors, the petroleum price and the amount of oil stocks. The price band can determines by prices of petroleum. While the stocks can show high or low palm oil prices. Malaysias economic development has indeed been impressive by the contribution of the palm oil industry. (Sabri, Salmiah,Faizah and Nik Abdullah, 2008). It also changing the market trends and rapid development and has continued to pose challenge. The development of oil and fats industry are provides and has undergone in terms of world balance. In the previous journal, (Mohd Basri, Mohd Arif, and Jamil, 2008) long time ago, the prices of palm oil have been increased, especially to the supply and demand of fats and oil. But since mid 2006, spikes have become more sustained. Besides that, spikes also been attributed to the supply and demand of edible oils and fats and also to the increasing demand for the fuel. Because of the increased of palm oil, the demand curve shifted to the right. The prices of oils have been increased slightly. (Ayat K Faizah, Ramli Abdullah and Nurul Hufaidah, 2007) study on how to examines volatility spill over. The study focus on between the domestic prices of palm oil and what major factor to the prices volatility. From the research, palm oil has moderate price volatility. And effort should be made to sustained the price of crude palm oil (CPO) to minimize volatility in other prices caused of the prices of (CPO) become a price leader among the other palm oil products. There was a model to develop to forecast prices of palm oil products in domestic. (Ramli and Mohd Alias, 2006). Malaysia also known the worlds biggest exporter of the palm oil and associated with palm oil. Because of the largest exporter the world, it become important for the country to lead the commoditys production and its price and can be used to determine the country revenue or in process of decision making. The objective of this paper is to analyses them econometrically and to forecast. The paper forecast that in the future, the production of palm oil can increased. By 2020, the production of palm oil can reach 22 million tones. Prices of palm oil also can fluctuate but in the future, its amount of prices increasing gradually. (Basri; Mohd Fauzi; Mohd Noor Mamat and Rosli, 2007) analyses the impact of lifting the export tax on Malaysian crude palm oil. Firstly, the equation is developed, especially on processed palm oil (PPO) and crude palm oil (CPO). The study comes out with the conceptual model of the Malaysian palm oil market model, such as the palm oil supply, oil palm area, imports and exports of palm oil products, domestic consumption, domestic price relationship and stocks According to (Ahmad Borhan, Faizah, Mohd Arif, Norhanani, 2006), said that oilmeals, such as Soyabean meal (SBM) especially an animal feed competes with Malaysian palm kernel expeller (PKE). The competition exists among this two company because of the competitive price. The increasing production also will affect the condition of Malaysian PKE. Future development of the Malaysian PKE depends to world livestock market. (Ahmad Borhan, Mohd Noor, Mohd Arif, Norhanani, 2007) said that, the commodity trade will effected by the local demand and also become the risk to the physical commodity. The forecasting method need to apply to forecast the price of palm oil in the future. Hedging can be improved by using the expected trends. The behavior of crude palm oil (CPO) can be determined by doing this work. This work also compared the forecasting CPO in Malaysia. It was introduced in 1980 and become the price discovery for hedging in pegged the prices. Good based can be determine by processing of price discovery especially on its demand and supply. Through arbitrage, the future price of palm oil is realized in terms of aggregate level. (Fatimah, etal, 1994) using Box Jenkins technique, forecasting method, can predict the palm oil futures prices whether to perform better or not. According to (Faizah, Ayat K, Mohd Nasir, 2006) fluctuate export markets and prices due to the current economic. Because of this, government giving full attention the price of export demand. The good demanded will be present by the price elasticity of demanded. Besides that, the demand for exports can predict by looking for export demand elasticity. Malaysian becomes largest share in the export and this export elasticity is important to estimates in order to maintain the production of palm oil. Only the changes of the prices of palm oil will have a big effect to the export of palm oil. Recently, the edible oils and fats has become substitutability products. Malaysian palm oil can be influence by the number of factor, and its the most important to structure the international market. Palm oil prices will compete with other, for example edible oils and make the palm oil prices significant. It was said by (A B, Ma, Chow, H Hamdan, Choo, 2006) every country depends on the energy and this energy becomes a key factor to country to develop in the future. Oil palm industry has been build factory to generate steam and from electricity. In our country, there were 395 factories that processing 84 million tones fruit in year 2005. (Yusof, Mohd Arif, 2005) found that, palm oil such as an export oriented commodity is not easy to predict in the future. It involves investigating the past performance of the palm oil. They make an overview about the palm oil industry, about the background, recently and in the future development. Long time ago, production of palm oil is lowest among the soyabean oil and animal oils. But, recently the production of palm oil is the number two in our country and the production exceed 29 million tones follow by soyabean oil and animal oils. It is expected that palm oil production can reach 37.15 million tonnes in 2020. This production of palm oil will contribute to world oils. Malaysia become the largest producer in the world and try to maintain the position in producing 42% tonnes to the world demand of palm oil. Conceptual Framework Independent variable Dependent var. Factor/supporting Price of palm oil Relationship Production (supply) Export Consumption Land area (Hectares) Independent variable There are 4 factors that influence the price of palm oil. There are production (supply), export, consumption and land area in hectares. This independent variable also can support the price of palm oil. Production can influences the prices of palm oil by the supply in the market, the more supply in the market, the more it can influences the prices of palm oil. It means that, if the supply exceeds the demand of the market, many unit of production are waste because of the demand not equal to the unit of production in the market. So to increase the demand in the market, firm can reduces prices of the production in order to attract the demand of the market. Low prices of the production can increased the demand of the production in the market. Export also can influences the prices of palm oil in the market by having a export more than import in the market can make a country deficit in terms of profit. Same like production, but export trade in other country and make an international business in order to gain profit. If have much demand in palm oil from other country, it means that, we should export more to achieved the demand from other country. From this situation, our country can take advantages to increase the prices of palm oil respectively. Consumption also can influences the prices of palm oil. It depends on how the consumer fully utilized the use of palm oil. If the consumer already knew the use of the palm oil, easy to them to know how important the palm oil in our society. Because of that, the consumer will ask for the palm oil and directly increased the demand for palm oil. Other than that, land area of plantation also can influences the prices of palm oil. If we plant more trees of palm oil in land, we are producing more palm oil in the market. If the supply of the palm oil in the market exceed than demand, than many surplus to that product. So to overcome this problem, firm must reduced the prices of palm oil to attract consumer to buy the palm oil. But it is good to the firm if the demand more than supply, then the firm can increased the price of palm oil in order to gain profit. Dependent variable The price of palm oil is depending to this four factor, this four factor can influences the prices of palm oil whether wants to increased or decreased. CHAPTER THREE DATA AND METHODOLOGY LEAST SQUARE METHOD (SINGLE REGRESSION) and (MULTIPLE REGRESSION) The framework developed in this study is drawn both from econometric method (which is based on the economic theory) and the system dynamics approach. This section discusses the econometric model using least square method. Its to correlate and examine the relationships among dependent variable and independent variable. It is a economic theory form with statistical methods. Factor determinants of prices of palm oil in Ringgit Malaysia (RM). consists of 4 factor that influence the price of palm oil, there are production (supply), export in tones, consumption of palm oil and land area of plantation of palm oil in hectares. The first step is finding time series data from 1980 to 2009, which influence the price of palm oil to make a research and then describe it according to the econometric model. To regress the econometric model we must use the data which influence the prices of palm oil. So this 4 factor is the important data to make a research. After regress, we can identify relationship between dependent and independent variables. These 4 factor also known as independent variable and price of palm oil also known as dependent variable which price of palm oil depend on this 4 independent variable whether to increase or decrease. The prices of palm always fluctuate depend on this 4 independent variable. To test this independent variable had a relationship between prices or not, the econometric model by using least square method use to test one by one of this independent variable whether this independent variable has a relationship between dependent variable. But before regress, we must test the variable using unit root test to make sure the probability below 0.05. This is because, we must make all variable significant before regress the data and know what difference we should use before regress data. After that, we log the data to make all data less problem in autocorrelation and less problem in multicollinearity. After test this econometric model, we look to the T-statistics, R-squared, Durbin-Watson stat. if t- stat are less than 2, this means that there is no relationship between independent variable and dependent variable and also known as is not significant. If more than 2, there is a relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. After test one by one, we should regress all dependent variable using multiple regress because of explanatory variable is more than one to check whether all independent variable significant or not. 3.1.1 Collecting of Data Primary Data Using the previous journal and summarize that journal to give the information about this research. CHAPTER 4 4.1 RESULT AND FINDINGS Unit root test Unit root test of price of palm oil using first difference to make the data stationary. Null Hypothesis: D(PRICE) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 4 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=7) t-Statistic   Ã‚  Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -2.998437   0.0493 Test critical values: 1% level -3.737853 5% level -2.991878 10% level -2.635542 Graph of Price Explanation. As we can see graph above, the price of palm oil is fluctuated, but recently, the prices of palm oil increased and then drop back. Unit root test of production using first difference to make the data stationary Null Hypothesis: D(PDC) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=5) t-Statistic   Ã‚  Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -3.998301   0.0047 Test critical values: 1% level -3.689194 5% level -2.971853 10% level -2.625121 Graph of Production Explanation. The production of palm oil in our country decreased every year because of other competition from Indonesia. Our country compete with Indonesia in terms of production because last time Indonesia is a second largest producer in the world and recently, Indonesia already becomes the world largest producer in the world follow by Malaysia. So our country production of palm oil decreased because of world demand has two choices to import the palm oil. Unit root test of land using first difference to make the data stationary Null Hypothesis: D(LAND) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=7) t-Statistic   Ã‚  Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -4.664706   0.0009 Test critical values: 1% level -3.689194 5% level -2.971853 10% level -2.625121 Graph of Land Explanation. The hectares of land in our country also increased year by year because of people already know that plant palm oil can make bulk of profit to them. Besides that, the planters increased the hectares of plantation because government enhances them to plant the palm oil by giving them awareness and so on. Unit root test of export using first difference to make the data stationary Null Hypothesis: D(EXP01) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=3) t-Statistic   Ã‚  Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -3.609207   0.0121 Test critical values: 1% level -3.689194 5% level -2.971853 10% level -2.625121 Graph of Export Explanation. Our export in our country also decreased year by year, it is related to our production in our country. This is because of Indonesia also export the palm oil in the world. So the world demand has two choices whether wants to import from Indonesia or our country. Unit root test of consumption using first difference to make the data stationary Null Hypothesis: D(CNSPTN) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=7) t-Statistic   Ã‚  Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -4.569870   0.0011 Test critical values: 1% level -3.689194 5% level -2.971853 10% level -2.625121 Graph of Consumption Explanation. Our consumption in our country also decreased in our country. Single regression Least square method-POPt=+bX Between dependent variable and independent variable Variable C Std-error T-stat R-Squared DW-stat Prob D1LNPROD 0.329321 0.177300 1.85 0.113301 1.751273 0.0742 D1LNEXP 0.855506 0.254039 3.36 0.295760 1.816493 0.0023 D1LNCONS 0.171866 0.270477 0.63 0.021939 1.704933 0.5332 D1LNLAREA 0.097365 0.389766 0.24 0.678609 0.571303 0.8046 TABLE ONE Analysis of data: Used e-view to regress and estimation using Ordinary least square based on dependent variable and independent variables from the data collected. Before regress the data, must do the unit root test to make sure the data stationary or not, after that log the data to reduce the problem of autocorrelation and multicollinearity. Then use first difference method because it is already mention in unit root test to check using first difference method. List of Equation PPOt=price of palm oil in the market PROD=production of palm oil(supply) EXP=export of palm oil to the world demand (tones) CONS=consumption of palm oil in this market L.AREA=landarea of palm oil plantation in Malaysia (hectares) Result of regression between POPt and PROD Dependent variable: POPt and Independent variable: PROD POPt=0.054234+0.329321t The coefficient above shows that the relationship between price and production of palm oil is positive relationship. It means that, 1 unit increased of production of palm will lead to increase price of palm oil by 0.329321. t-statistic=1.85 Reject Ho, because there is no significant relationship between price and production because t-statistic shows that it is significant and below 2. So production cannot influence the price of palm oil respectively. R-Squared =0.113301 Explanation. There are 11.33% of the changes in the dependent variables. Only independent variable can explain the dependent variable. 88.67% cannot be explained by the regression analysis due to some omission of independent variables. In other words, this R-squared show the weak relationship between dependent variable (price) and independent variable (production). Its mean that, when independent variable change 1%, dependent variable will change by 11.33%. So, we can concluded that independent variable and dependent variable has a weak relationship because of the R-Squared is low. Std-error=0.177300 Explanation. The smaller the value of SEE, the closer the data points/actual points to the regression line. DW-statistics=1.751273 Explanation. There is a less problem in auto-correlation because DW shows value almost than value 2. If the value of DW shows above 2, means that there is no problem in autocorrelation Probability=0.0742 Explanation. The variable is significant at 0.05 (5%) significant level or 95% confidence level. If the probability is less than 0.05, it means that 95% confidence interval accepted and there is a relationship between dependent variable and independent variable. The independent variable for the production is 0.0742. This production of palm oil (supply) cannot influence the price of palm oil. Its because if the production is too many in the market, the price of palm oil will not effect because society only concern for the basic needs such as shelter, food and society not concern for the production of palm oil. Same like if the production of palm oil is low, it will not influence the price of palm oil because society not really wants the uses of palm oil. Result of regression between POPt and EXP Dependent variable: POPt and Independent variable: EXP POPt=0.063604+0.855506t The coefficient above show the positive relationship between price and export. It means that, 1 unit increased export of palm oil will lead to increase price of palm oil by 0.855506 t-statistic=3.36 Also accept Ho, because there also a relationship between price and export because t-statistic shows that it is significant and above 2. So export also can influence the price of palm oil respectively. R-Squared=0.295790 Explanation. There are 29.57% of the changes in the dependent variables. Only the independent variable can explained the dependent variable. 70.43% cannot be explained by the regression analysis due to some omission of independent variables. R-squared show the weak relationship between dependent variable (price) and independent variable (export). It can be explained when independent variable change 1%, dependent variable also will change by 29.57%. we can concluded that independent variable and dependent variable has a weak relationship because of the value of R-squared is low. Std-error=0.254039 Explanation. The smaller the value of SEE, the closer the data points/actual points to the regression line. DW-statistics=1.816493 Explanation. There is a little bit problems in auto correlation because DW shows value almost 2. Probability=0.0023 Explanation. The variable is significant at 0.05 (5%) significant level or 95% confidence level. If the probability less than 0.05, it means that 95% confidence interval accepted and there is a relationship among dependent variable and independent variable. The independent variable for the export is 0.0023 and this export of palm oil (supply) can influence the price of palm oil. The price of palm oil will influence if the export more than demand from other country. This kind of scenario happened because its good to decrease price of palm oil to the trading country, so that the trading country can buy with cheapest price. But if the export less than demand from other country, it will influence the price of palm oil, because our country can sell with high price in order to get more profit from other country. It happen when the shortage of the production and demand will keep increasing every year and the export are limited. Result of regression between POPt and CONS Dependent variable: POPt and I

Moral Ambiguity of Charlie in The Little Drummer Girl Essays -- Little

Moral Ambiguity of Charlie in The Little Drummer Girl   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In George J. Lennard’s, â€Å"John le Carre† critical assessment of the ending of Little Drummer Girl, he claims that â€Å"Charlie can not continue to act in the theater of the real...she can no longer return to the romantic fluff of Western middle class society.† Charlie’s last line in the novel, the theater of the real, are â€Å"I am dead† (pp.659), which confirms Lennard’s statement. Charlie, an actress, by nature and craft is a coerced into a scheme to infiltrate a terrorist ring, against her convictions. By playing upon Charlie’s insecurities and her need for acceptance, this scheme forms a kind of moral ambiguity and uncertainness inside Charlie. When it ends, her world is shattered, and she becomes â€Å"dead† in a figurative sense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theater of the real forces Charlie to give a performance of a lifetime as her own life is at stake. In the beginning Charlie, willing and naive, accepts the script given to her by Joseph. Joseph himself, trains Charlie how to act in this scheme, much like an acting coach trains an inexperienced theatrical student. Along the way, Joseph gives her important pieces of advice such as â€Å"stay with the logic of the fiction...weaken and you will ruin the operation...we’ll repair [any] damage (pp. 468), advice which Charlie does not closely follow. In a world that will be turn upside down for Charlie, Joseph is her one remaining constant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people Charlie comes in contact with can be best described as characters or actors in fiction as well. The characters names change almost as frequently as Charlie’s views of her situation. The changing names give way to the belief that the characters, under disguise, can not really be held responsible for their actions as they are in costume. As the novel progresses, Charlie also changes costumes much like a chameleon changes with its environment. When Charlie’s character is the Israelites, she is sympathetic to them; likewise, when she is with the Palestinians, she takes on their beliefs, which in it self creates a chaos and provides substance to the theme of moral ambiguity in le Carre’s novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charlie begins her journey into moral ambiguity with the death of Michel, a Palestinian terrorist. Following her script carefully, Charlie infiltrates the terrorist ring, convincing them that she was Michel’s lover. Charli... ... [into the real] is futile† (pp. 600). And so, Charlie enters back into the world of the real changed and alone, even â€Å"dead† because she is unable to ever be the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charlie’s character deals with concerns of terrorism, the persuasive power of love and the moral ambiguity on both sides of the fence. Perhaps her most important discovery is when she realizes the cost of violence to those who preform it. Although Charlie is clearly the protagonist of the novel, she makes an important discover which seems to eliminate the conflict of moral ambiguity: there is good and evil in everyone. This lesson affects Charlie in ways the writers of her script never could have known. Like the writers of a good novel, she has already begun to miss the character she has fallen in love with– herself. Charlie now, neither belongs in the theater of the real no in the real world– she will no longer fit in either as she once did, Making her â€Å"dead† to herself and everyone who once knew her Le Carre leaves us with an image of Charlie preforming works of art in a theater for a real audience. Significantly because Charlieà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ambiguity of herself can best be seen by playing the characters of others.

Scrooge in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essay -- Christmas Car

Scrooge in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens The novel, ‘A Christmas Carol’, is more than just a mere story instead it tries to expose the negative side of Victorian society and the reason behind this horror, the greed of the wealthy, through the development of the character Scrooge. All this while attempting to prompt readers with Scrooge’s similar wealth to make a change. As mentioned earlier, the development of Scrooge’s character is vital to this and I will explain how his character develops as the story proceeds and how it is used to accomplish the aim as mentioned above. In the first stave, Dickens tries to point out that Scrooge is a character that society considers negative. In the introduction, Dickens points out Scrooge’s wealth to immediately aim any point about society not only to average people but in particular to people of Scrooge’s similar wealth, he does this by describing Scrooge as ‘an excellent man of business on the very day of the funeral’, this not only proves Scrooge’s wealth but also that Scrooge is a cold character, the first hint of the truly negative character of Scrooge to be revealed later in this stave, since he has the heart to do business on the day of the funeral of his long time business partner. What makes this worse is that Marley was Scrooge’s equal in terms of character as far as the story goes since Dickens chose to describe what Scrooge meant to Marley as ‘his sole executor, his sole administrator, his sole friend and his sole mourner’, therefore since Scrooge showed little sympathy in the death of ‘his equal’ it gives the readers a sense of cannibalism since Scrooge is practically turning his back on Marley in his death. Even in the introduction, Dickens ... ...as changed as Scrooge is not usually earnest at all. Not only which, Scrooge seems to be a lot happier after this change as proven by the quote â€Å"Oh, glorious.† This is Scrooge describing the environment, in his description he describes it positively showing a sign that he is happier. This is important as it is a signal to readers in Scrooge’s financial situation that they will be happier after the change. My conclusion is that Scrooge’s character is used by Dickens to represent an exgaratted stereotypical version of the Victorian wealthy businessman who is greedy. The story is not only an attempt by Dickens to tell these businessmen what they are missing out on by being greedy(as proven by Scrooge’s happiness after the change) but also meant to expose the unfairness in Society where the rich who can do the most to improve lives do not even try to do so.